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Medical & Surgical Retina |
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| Medical & Surgical Retina | Diabetic Retinopathy. |
WHAT IS THE RETINA?
The retina is a nerve layer at the back of the eye that senses light
and sends images to the brain.
WHAT IS A RETINAL DETACHMENT?
The retina is attached to the inner back surface of the eye. Detachment
is the pulling away of the retina from its normal position. The
separation of the retina from the wall of the eye impairs its normal
functioning, resulting in blurred vision.
WHAT CAUSES RETINAL DETACHMENT?
The vitreous is a clear gel that fills most of the space in the eye. It
is located in front of the retina. With age, the vitreous pulls away
from its attachments to the retina, usually without causing problems.
Sometimes the vitreous pulls hard enough to tear the retina. Fluid may
then pass through the retinal tear and lift the retina off the wall of the
eye.
Risk factors for retinal detachment:
- Myopia or near-sightedness
- Injury to the eye
- Previous retinal detachment in the other eye
- Family history of retinal detachment
- Areas of thin/weak retina
- Complicated cataract surgery
Warning symptoms of retinal detachment:
- Flashes of light
- New, or increase in, floaters [black dots in your vision]
- A gray curtain noticed in the field of vision
HOW IS RETINAL DETACHMENT DIAGNOSED?
The retina is examined with an instrument called the indirect
ophthalmoscope after dilating the pupil. Holes and tears are carefully looked
for in the periphery of the retina.
Treatment
Retinal tears without detachment - Laser photocoagulation or
cryotherapy is performed around the tear to seal the retina to the back wall of
the eye.
Retinal tears with retinal detachment - Requires surgery as soon as
possible to put the retina back in its proper position. The longer the
retina stays detached, the less the visual improvement after surgery.
Scleral buckle surgery - A flexible silicone band is placed around the eye
to counter the force pulling on the retina after removing the fluid
under the detached retina.
Vitrectomy - The vitreous gel pulling the retina is removed from the
eye and replaced with a special gas or silicone oil.
Visual recovery
The more severe the retinal detachment and the longer its duration, the
less is the visual improvement after surgery. For this reason it is
very important to see an ophthalmologist at the first sign of any trouble.
If the condition is left untreated it results in loss of useful vision.
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Retina vitreous services At Sushil Eye Hospital
Retina in eye serves the same foundation as a role in a camera. The lights rays entering the eye are focussed with the help
of cornea and lens on to the retina. Here the light causes photochemical reaction which is transmitted to brain via
ophthalmic nevere.
In the brain, occipital cortex analyses the information and of picture takesplace. Macula is the central portion of retina
which has maximum concentration of photoreceptor cells and hence is very important for vision.
Introduction about retinal diseases
Common vascular disorders : retined resells commonly get damaged due to diseases diabetes and like hyperter. This causes
swelling of retina, decreased blood supply, bleeding and ultimately detachment of the retina leading to irreversible vision
loss and blindness.
Regular checking of retina (yearly once) help in early detection and prompt treatment prevnting permanent visual disability.
Retinal detachment : various factors like high Myopia (Nearsightedness), Trauma, complication during cataract operation
Diabetic Retinopathy, etc can causes hole formation or pull on the retina leading to it’s separation from other layers of eye
and causing blindness.
This is an urgency and requires prompt treatments .
Age related macular degeneration
Due to age, photoreceptors at Macula may lose their unction leading to deareased vision sometimes there may formation of
new blood vessels behind Macula. This leads to bleeding and sever loss of function.
Retinopathy of prematurity : Babies who are born before 9 months of gestation have their retina incompletely developed. If
this disease is not deteced in time, it can lead to total blindness need to be seen with in 30 days of their life.
Trauma : Various kinds of injuries e.g. blunt trauma with ball or fist, penetration trauma with needle or iron piece, etc.
can damage retina. This needs t be managed urgently and skillfully to present blindness .
Tumours of Retina: Like Retinoblastoma, Corridal Melanoms are blinding diseases which can be lifelong threatening at times.
Infections : Sometimes after trauma or after an eye operation germs can enter the eye and give rise to infection in vitreous
and retina. This is an emergency and needs to be tackled with injections and operation.
Macular hole : Due to age or trauma hole may form at Macula. This needs surgical treatment to preserve vision.
Retinal degenerations : Various degenerative conditions of retinal cells like Retinitis pigmentrsa, macular dystrophies etc.
can causes progressive visual loss due to genetic
Alsnormalitics
Ultrasonography
Bscan with special 10 MHZ Ophthalmic probe. This helps todiagnore bleeding infection, retinal detachment,
tumour, foreign body etc. inside eye.
Laser treatment
Double frequency NDYAG – Iridex –USA laser is nothing but a concentrated form of light energy. It causes
some reaction in the retinal cells which help in treatment of various retinal diseases like Diabetic Retinopathy, vein
occulusions,Retinopathy of prematurely & indirect Oph mosiose. It is a non invasive and safe treatment. There are 3 models of
delivery slit lamp, with indirect Ophthalmosiose and during operation with endolaser probe.
Surgical treatment
Scleral buckling : This helps to close holes in Retina and attach a separated retina leading to recovery of Vision.
Vitrectory machine : (Bausch of Lomb millenium , USA) with this computerisd high speed system operation can be done with
more precision. This system is used for operation like bleeding in eye due to diabetes or hypertension, Retinal Detachment,
tremor, toneign body inside eye, infection etc.
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Medical Retina Service
- Digital Fluorescein Angiography Camera To evaluate the Retinal status especially in Diabetics and other Vascular Diseases of Retina.
- Green Laser for Retina Photocoagulation for treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy, Eales Disease, Retinal Tears and other Retinal Diseases.
- Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT) for treatment of cases of Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD).
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scan to evaluate the macular and optic disc pathology in detail, especially in patients with Diabetes, Macular hole, Uveitis, Glaucoma etc.
- A and B Scan Ultrasonography for Detailed Evaluation for Eye cases like Advanced Cataract, Vitreous Hemorrhage, etc.
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Green Laser |
